Not a mechanics recap. Decisions you can test.
Every piece states the question, records inputs, marks the conclusion boundary and connects to a tool where the decision can be retested.

Dota 2 · Patch 7.41e field guide
The first 20 minutes as a decision ledger: a Patch 7.41e guide
Read lane income, acceleration, usable item timing, the next objective and liquidity as one match system.
Dota 2 · Match economy
Dota 2 item timing without silently spending the buffer
A step-by-step model for remaining item cost, current GPM, the match checkpoint and gold that must survive the purchase.
Dota 2 · Timing economics
When Hand of Midas actually pays back - and why 160 gold is misleading
Calculate Midas incremental value, break-even minute and realized ROI through the expected match end.
Dota 2 · Liquidity reserve
How much gold to actually hold for buyback before Roshan
Correct the old formula, calculate the reserve gap and separate the value of a second life from a blanket ban on spending.
Dota 2 · Non-cash utility
How to value Madstone and +40 attack speed without faking Midas ROI
Separate guaranteed Transmute gold from patch-specific non-cash value and run a sensitivity case.
Dota 2 · Timing quality
Why strong GPM proves nothing without item timing
Connect income to purchase minute, the nearest objective and the realized conversion of the lead.
Dota 2 · Closing liquidity
Component or buyback one minute before high ground
Analyze the late-game fork through reserve gap, re-entry and whether the purchase creates a new way to win the fight.
Dota 2 · Replay review
